FluffiLyn Week3 Lab Report

A - 快速入门与教育 2025寒期训练营
1

Week 3 Lab: OpenFaaS on MacOS

为什么我要用mac搞这玩意？累死我了。。。

Step 1：搭建faasd环境

我没有用实验室服务器是因为它不支持arm架构下编译的程序，所以我选择了在MacOS上搭建本地faasd环境。

安装faasd

faasd安装教程

根据这个教程，我们使用multipass创建一个虚拟机，然后在虚拟机中安装faasd。

1、 获取[multipass]https://multipass.run/，注意要macOS版本。

2、 获取教程里的脚本cloud-config.txt

curl -sSLO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/master/cloud-config.txt

3、 输入以下命令创建虚拟机

multipass launch --name faasd
  • 注：没有按照教程里的--cloud-init cloud-config.txt是因为这个脚本不起效。

进入虚拟机

multipass shell faasd

4、打开主机里的clout-config.txt，复制里面的内容，然后在虚拟机里依次输入以下命令，运行faasd的安装脚本，并将密码复制到虚拟机里比较方便的位置：

curl -sfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/master/hack/install.sh | bash -s -

curl -sSLf https://cli.openfaas.com | sh

journalctl -u faasd --no-pager

cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password | /usr/local/bin/faas-cli login --password-stdin
  • 注意：如果遇到raw.githubusercontent.com:443: Connection refused，可能是dns污染导致该地址被重定向至本地ip，可以去ip查询地址查询该网站的真正ip，手动修改虚拟机的/etc/hosts文件，并添加以下内容：
    185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
  • 如果脚本莫名其妙中断了，也可能是github.com遇到了相同问题，还是根据相同的方法修改/etc/hosts文件。

出现以下字样，说明安装成功：

Check status with:
  sudo journalctl -u faasd --lines 100 -f

Login with:
  sudo -E cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password | faas-cli login -s
+ install_caddy
+ '[' '!' -z '' ']'
+ echo 'Skipping caddy installation as FAASD_DOMAIN.'
Skipping caddy installation as FAASD_DOMAIN.

然后，你可以把/var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password文件里的密码复制到主机里，后续会用到它。

登录faasd

现在我们回到主机，登录faasd。

1、输入以下命令查看虚拟机的ip地址：

multipass info faasd

Name:           faasd
State:          Running
Snapshots:      0
IPv4:           192.168.64.5 # 这个是虚拟机的ip地址
                10.62.0.1
Release:        Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS
Image hash:     d9d6d691ba22 (Ubuntu 24.04 LTS)
CPU(s):         1
Load:           0.00 0.03 0.03
Disk usage:     2.8GiB out of 4.8GiB
Memory usage:   329.1MiB out of 952.9MiB
Mounts:         --

2、将OPENFAAS_URL设置为虚拟机的ip地址

export OPENFAAS_URL=http://192.168.64.5:8080

3、主机登录faasd

cat basic-auth-password | faas-cli login -s

出现以下字样，说明登录成功：

credentials saved for admin http://192.168.64.5:8080

Step 2：拉取模板、创建函数、编写源码

应要求，使用万能的R门：

拉取模板并创建函数

我们先创建并进入目录fn-echo-rs，然后拉取模板：

mkdir fn-echo-rs && cd fn-echo-rs
faas-cli template pull https://github.com/openfaas-incubator/rust-http-template

然后创建自己的函数：

faas-cli new --lang rust-http my-echo

现在的目录结构如下：

fn-echo-rs
├── my-echo
│   │
│   │   
├── template
│   ├── rust
│   └── rust-http
└── stack.yaml
...

编写源码

我使用了较老版本的hyper库，根据官网的旧版教程，需要修改rust-http模板的main.rs:

  • cargo.toml
[package]
name = "main"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["Piotr Roslaniec <p.roslaniec@gmail.com>"]
edition = "2018"

[dependencies]
handler = { path = "../function" }
hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
pretty_env_logger = "0.4"
  • main.rs
use std::convert::Infallible;

use hyper::service::{make_service_fn, service_fn};
use handler::echo;

#[tokio::main]
pub async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
    pretty_env_logger::init();

    // For every connection, we must make a `Service` to handle all
    // incoming HTTP requests on said connection.
    let make_svc = make_service_fn(|_conn| {
        // This is the `Service` that will handle the connection.
        // `service_fn` is a helper to convert a function that
        // returns a Response into a `Service`.
        async { Ok::<_, Infallible>(service_fn(echo)) }
    });

    let addr = ([0, 0, 0, 0], 3000).into();

    let server = Server::bind(&addr).serve(make_svc);

    println!("Listening on http://{}", addr);

    server.await?;

    Ok(())
}

然后，开始编写我们创建的my-echo函数。我实现了三个功能：

  1. GET请求/路径返回一些说明
  2. POST请求/路径返回客户端传入的数据
  3. GET请求/randInt路径返回一个1-100的随机数
  • cargo.toml
[package]
name = "handler"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["Piotr Roslaniec <p.roslaniec@gmail.com>"]
edition = "2018"

[dependencies]
hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
futures = "0.3"
futures-util = "0.3"
rand = "0.8"
  • lib.rs
use hyper::{Body, Method, Request, Response, StatusCode};

/// This is our service handler. It receives a Request, routes on its
/// path, and returns a Future of a Response.
pub async fn echo(req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, hyper::Error> {
    match (req.method(), req.uri().path()) {
        // Serve some instructions at /
        // $ curl http://gateway.openfaas.local/function/my-echo, then you will see the instructions.
        // Notice that /my-echo is the root path of the function.
        (&Method::GET, "/") => Ok(Response::new(Body::from(
            "Try POSTing data to /my-echo such as: `curl http://192.168.64.5:8080/function/my-echo/echo -X POST -d 'write something here'`",
        ))),

        // Echo client's ipaddr back to the client.
        (&Method::POST, "/") => {
            // 读取请求体数据
            let whole_body = hyper::body::to_bytes(req.into_body()).await?;
            let body_str = String::from_utf8(whole_body.to_vec()).unwrap_or_else(|_| "Invalid UTF-8".to_string());

            let response_body = format!("hello, you posted: {}", body_str);
            Ok(Response::new(Body::from(response_body)))
        },

        (&Method::GET, "/randInt") => {
            use rand::Rng;
            let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
            let rand_int = rng.gen_range(1..=100);
            let returnstr = format!("Random number: {}", rand_int); 
            Ok(Response::new(Body::from(returnstr)))
        },

        // Return the 404 Not Found for other routes.
        _ => {
            let mut not_found = Response::default();
            *not_found.status_mut() = StatusCode::NOT_FOUND;
            Ok(not_found)
        }
    }
}

编写完源码，还要编写stack.yaml文件：

version: 1.0
provider:
  name: openfaas
  gateway: http://gateway.openfaas.local # 这里改为你的faasd虚拟机的ip地址
functions:
  my-echo:
    lang: rust-http
    handler: ./my-echo
    image: fluffilyn/my-echo:latest # dockerhub用户名/函数名:版本

Step 3：构建、推送和部署（build, push and deploy）

构建

在MacOS中编译，由于Alpine Linux缺少某些工具链，需要修改rust-http目录下的Dockerfile：

1、修改rust版本为1.70：

FROM ghcr.io/openfaas/of-watchdog:0.9.11 as watchdog

FROM rust:1.70-alpine as builder

WORKDIR /home/rust

2、在WORKDIR/home/rust后面添加如下内容

# Install musl-dev package
RUN apk add --no-cache musl-dev build-base
RUN rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-musl

3、将目标编译平台改为aarch64-unknown-linux-musl：

RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/usr/local/cargo/registry cargo build --target aarch64-unknown-linux-musl --release

然后，输入以下命令开始构建（请先登录Dockerhub！！）

DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 faas-cli build

输出以下字样，说明构建成功：

Image: fluffilyn/my-echo:latest built.
[0] < Building echo done in 37.05s.
[0] Worker done.

Total build time: 37.05s
  • 如果下载失败，你可能需要挂代理或者找镜像源。

推送

确保你在之前的步骤中登录了faasd，然后输入以下命令推送：

faas-cli push -f stack.yaml

出现以下字样，说明推送成功：

[0] < Pushing my-echo [fluffilyn/my-echo:latest] done.

部署

$ faas-cli deploy

出现以下字样，说明部署成功：

Deploying: my-echo.
WARNING! You are not using an encrypted connection to the gateway, consider using HTTPS.

Deployed. 202 Accepted.
URL: http://192.168.64.5:8080/function/my-echo

Step 4：调用

我们可以使用curl命令调用函数。默认的方法是GET。

curl http://192.168.64.5:8080/function/my-echo

输出结果：

Try POSTing data to /my-echo such as: `curl http://gateway.openfaas.local/function/my-echo -X POST -d 'write something here'`

那么根据提示，输入

curl http://192.168.64.5:8080/function/my-echo/echo -X POST -d '这是一段文字'

输出结果：

hello, you posted: 这是一段文字

最后，我们再调用一下/randInt路径：

curl 192.168.64.5:8080/function/my-echo/randInt

输出结果：

Random number: 42

结束。

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2

呐？其实我测的时候不改main也能跑喔？（不过似乎也不重要）

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